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1.
Braz. j. biol ; 83: 1-9, 2023. tab, graf, ilus
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1469017

ABSTRACT

Rotavirus is the main infective agent of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in children under the age of five years and causing significant morbidity as well as mortality throughout the world. The study was carried out to detect the prevalence rate, genotypes strain and risk factors of Rotavirus among the children of rural and urban areas of district Bannu Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. A total of 180 stool samples were collected from children under the age of 5 years from two major hospitals of Bannu from January to December (2015). The samples were analyzed by Reverse-transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) for the detection of Rotavirus, positive samples were further processed for genotyping (G and P type) through specific PCR. Of the total, 41 (23%) samples were positive for Rotavirus. The most prevalent G genotypes found were: G3, G8, G9 (each 29%), followed by G10 (15%), and G11 (10%). Whereas the prevalent P genotypes were: P-8 (25%), P-4 and P-10 (each 20%), P-9 (15%), followed by P-6 and P-11 (each 10%). Moreover, Rotavirus infection was more prevalent in summer (23.73%) and winter (22.7%) than spring (20%) and autumn (21.4%). Rotavirus infection exhibited high frequency in June (14%), October (8%) and November (6%). It is concluded that Rotavirus is more prevalent in children and various genotypes (G and P) of Rotavirus are present in the study area. Lack of studies, awareness and rarer testing of Rotavirus are the principal reasons of virus prevalence in district Bannu, Pakistan.


O rotavírus é o principal agente infeccioso da gastroenterite aguda (AGE) em crianças menores de 5 anos e causa de morbidade e mortalidade significativas em todo o mundo. O estudo foi realizado para detectar a taxa de prevalência, cepa de genótipos e fatores de risco de rotavírus entre as crianças de áreas rurais e urbanas do distrito de Bannu Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Paquistão. Um total de 180 amostras de fezes foi coletada de crianças menores de 5 anos de dois grandes hospitais de Bannu de janeiro a dezembro (2015). As amostras foram analisadas por reação em cadeia da polimerase transcriptase reversa (RT-PCR) para detecção de rotavírus; as amostras positivas foram posteriormente processadas para genotipagem (tipo G e P) através de PCR específica. Do total, 41 (23%) amostras foram positivas para rotavírus. Os genótipos G mais prevalentes encontrados foram: G3, G8, G9 (cada 29%), seguidos de G10 (15%) e G11 (10%). Considerando que os genótipos P prevalentes foram: P-8 (25%), P-4 e P-10 (cada 20%), P-9 (15%), seguido por P-6 e P-11 (cada 10%). Além disso, a infecção por rotavírus foi mais prevalente no verão (23,73%) e inverno (22,7%) do que na primavera (20%) e no outono (21,4%). A infecção por rotavírus apresentou alta frequência em junho (14%), outubro (8%) e novembro (6%). Conclui-se que o rotavírus é mais prevalente em crianças e vários genótipos (G e P) do rotavírus estão presentes na área de estudo. A falta de estudos, conhecimento e testes mais raros de rotavírus são as principais razões da prevalência do vírus no distrito de Bannu, Paquistão.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Gastroenteritis , Rotavirus Infections/epidemiology , Rotavirus Infections/genetics , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , Prevalence
2.
Biomédica (Bogotá) ; 41(4): 745-755, oct.-dic. 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1355747

ABSTRACT

Abstract | Introduction: Enteric viruses have been associated with the production of a variety of diseases transmitted by the fecal-oral route and carried through contaminated food and water. Given their structure and composition, they are highly resistant to environmental conditions and most of the chemical agents used in the purification processes. Therefore, the systematic monitoring of raw water is necessary to ensure its quality especially when it is used for producing drinking water for human consumption. Objective: We identified the presence of rotavirus and hepatitis A virus by means of the fluoro-immuno-magnetic separation technique (FIMS) in raw water taken from four purification plants and their water supplies in the department of Norte de Santander. Materials and methods: The viruses were captured and separated from the water samples using magnetic microparticles functionalized with monoclonal anti-Hepatitis A and anti-Rotavirus antibodies. Confocal microscopy was used to monitor the viral concentration process and transmission electron microscopy for the morphological visualization of the separated viruses. The reverse transcriptase-coupled polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was applied to confirm the presence of pathogens. Results: The two enteric viruses were identified in the majority of the analyzed water samples including water supply sources. Conclusion: We determined that the FIMS technique together with RT-PCR is highly effective for the detection of viral pathogens in complex matrices such as raw water.


Resumen | Introducción. Los virus entéricos se asocian con una serie de enfermedades transmitidas por vía fecal-oral en alimentos o agua contaminada. Dada su estructura y composición, son muy resistentes a las condiciones ambientales y a la mayoría de los agentes químicos empleados en los procesos de potabilización, por lo cual es necesario un monitoreo sistemático del agua cruda para asegurar su calidad, máxime cuando se emplea como materia prima en la producción de agua potable para consumo humano. Objetivo. Determinar la presencia de rotavirus y del virus de la hepatitis A mediante la técnica de separación fluoro-inmuno-magnética en agua cruda procedente de cuatro plantas de potabilización y sus fuentes hídricas en el departamento de Norte de Santander. Materiales y métodos. Los virus fueron capturados y separados a partir de las muestras de agua, empleando micropartículas magnéticas funcionalizadas con anticuerpos monoclonales anti-hepatitis A y anti-rotavirus. Se empleó microscopía confocal para hacer el seguimiento del proceso de concentración viral y, microscopía electrónica de transmisión, para la visualización morfológica de los virus separados. La reacción en cadena de la polimerasa acoplada a transcriptasa inversa (RT-PCR) se utilizó para confirmar la presencia de los patógenos. Resultados. Los dos virus entéricos se detectaron en la mayoría de las muestras de agua analizadas, incluidas las de sus fuentes hídricas. Conclusión. La técnica de separación fluoro-inmuno-magnética acoplada a RT-PCR fue altamente efectiva en la detección de patógenos virales en matrices complejas como el agua cruda.


Subject(s)
Rotavirus Infections , Raw Water , Magnetic Segregation , Water Purification , Hepatitis A , Antibodies
3.
Vaccimonitor (La Habana, Print) ; 30(2)mayo.-ago. 2021. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | CUMED, LILACS | ID: biblio-1252327

ABSTRACT

La gastroenteritis causada por rotavirus constituye un importante problema de salud mundial, por lo que se recomienda incluir la vacunación contra el rotavirus en los programas de inmunización. Para evaluar el impacto de una futura introducción en Cuba de una vacuna contra este patógeno, resulta necesario crear una línea de base pre-vacunación de la carga de la gastroenteritis causada por este virus. Entre noviembre 2017 a abril 2018 se implementó en el Hospital Pediátrico de Centro Habana un sistema de vigilancia para la gastroenteritis causada por rotavirus. Se establecieron las definiciones para las categorías de caso sospechoso, probable y confirmado. Por cada niño captado se recogió una muestra de heces que se analizó con tiras rápidas y se confirmó la presencia de rotavirus por ELISA. Para determinar la severidad de la enfermedad se utilizó la escala de Vesikari. Los resultados fueron expresados en cifras absolutas y relativas, el análisis se realizó a través de la prueba de chi-cuadrado. Del total de ingresos por enfermedad diarreica aguda, el 26 por ciento cumplió los criterios de inclusión y el 46 por ciento resultó confirmado como rotavirus. El hacinamiento en el hogar y asistir al círculo infantil se comportaron como factores de riesgo. El servicio de gastroenterología absorbió la mayor carga de ingresos hospitalarios por esta causa. Los resultados mostrados validan la funcionalidad del sistema de vigilancia implementado y brindan nuevas evidencias sobre la carga de la enfermedad y la utilización de los servicios de un hospital pediátrico cubano, debido a la gastroenteritis provocada por rotavirus, lo que justifica la introducción de la vacuna(AU)


Gastroenteritis caused by rotavirus is a major global health problem, therefore it is recommended that vaccination against rotavirus be included in immunization programs. To evaluate the impact of a future introduction in Cuba of a vaccine against this pathogen, it is necessary to have a pre-vaccination baseline of the burden of gastroenteritis caused by rotavirus. Between November 2017 and April 2018, a surveillance system for gastroenteritis caused by rotavirus was implemented in the Paediatric Hospital of Centro Habana. Definitions were established for the categories of suspected, probable and confirmed cases. For each captured child, stool samples were collected, analyzed with rapid strips and confirmated by ELISA. To determine the severity of the disease, the Vesikari score was used. The results were expressed in absolute and relative figures; the analysis was performed through chi-square. Of the total admissions for acute diarrheal disease, 26 percent met the inclusion criteria and 46 percent were confirmed for rotavirus. Overcrowding at home and attending a day care center were risk factors. The gastroenterology service absorbed the greatest burden of hospital admissions for this cause. The results shown validate the role of the implemented surveillance system and provide new evidence on the burden of disease and use of services for rotavirus gastroenteritis in a cuban pediatric hospital(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Rotavirus Infections/prevention & control , Risk Factors , Rotavirus Vaccines , Diarrhea/etiology , Gastroenteritis/epidemiology , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Prospective Studies , Cuba , Observational Studies as Topic
5.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec. (Online) ; 73(1): 169-178, Jan.-Feb. 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1153044

ABSTRACT

Foodborne viruses including hepatitis A virus (HAV), norovirus (NoV), rotavirus (RoV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV) are easily transmitted through contaminated seafoods. The current research was done to assess the incidence of RoV, NoV GI and GII,hAV and hEV in fish and shrimp samples caught from the Persian Gulf, Iran. Three-hundred and twenty fish and shrimp samples were collected. The presence of foodborne viruses were assessed by the real-time PCR. Forty-nine out of 320 (15.31%) fish and shrimp samples were positive for foodborne viruses. Distribution of hAV, NoV GI and NoV GII amongst all studied samples were 0.93%, 5.93% and 8.43%, respectively. hEV and RoV viruses were not found in studied samples. Parastromateus niger and Scomberomorus commerson fish and Penaeus monodon shrimp were the most frequently contaminated samples. Simultaneous incidence of hAV and NoV GI and hAV and NoV GII were 0.31% and 0.93%, respectively. Distribution of foodborne viruses in samples collected through spring, summer, autumn and winter seasons were 14.28%, 9.33%, 11.76% and 24.44%, respectively. Findings revealed that the incidence of foodborne viruses was significantly associated with seafood species and also season of sampling.(AU)


Vírus transmitidos por alimentos, incluindo hepatite A (HAV), norovírus (NoV), rotavírus (RoV) e hepatite E (HEV) são facilmente transmitidos através de frutos do mar contaminados. Esta pesquisa foi realizada para avaliar a incidência de RoV, NoV GI e GII, hAV e hEV em amostras de peixes e camarões capturadas no Golfo Pérsico, Irã. Foram coletadas 300 amostras de peixes e camarões. A presença de vírus transmitidos por alimentos foi avaliada por PCR em tempo real. Quarenta e nove das 320 amostras de peixes e camarões (15,31%) foram positivas para vírus transmitidos por alimentos. A distribuição de hAV, NoV GI e NoV GII entre as amostras estudadas foi 0,93%, 5,93% e 8,43%, respectivamente. Os vírus hEV e RoV não foram encontrados nas amostras estudadas. Os peixes Parastromateus niger e Scomberomorus commerson e o camarão Penaeus monodon foram as amostras mais frequentemente contaminadas. A incidência simultânea de hAV e NoV GI, e hAV e NoV GII foi de 0,31% e 0,93%, respectivamente. A distribuição dos vírus transmitidos por alimentos nas amostras coletadas na primavera, verão, outono e inverno foi de 14,28%, 9,33%, 11,76% e 24,44%, respectivamente. Os resultados demonstram que a incidência de vírus transmitidos por alimentos foi significativamente associada às espécies de frutos do mar e também à época da amostragem.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Rotavirus Infections/epidemiology , Decapoda/virology , Hepatitis E/epidemiology , Caliciviridae Infections/epidemiology , Fishes/virology , Hepatitis A/epidemiology , Shellfish/virology , Hepatitis E virus/isolation & purification , Rotavirus/isolation & purification , Indian Ocean/epidemiology , Hepatitis A virus/isolation & purification , Norovirus/isolation & purification , Iran/epidemiology
6.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 38(1): 54-60, feb. 2021. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1388207

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: Las diarreas de causa infecciosa son un problema de salud pública, especialmente en niños bajo los cinco años. La identificación de los agentes etiológicos puede ser relevante para el manejo del cuadro clínico y, desde el punto de vista epidemiológico, para la implementación de medidas de control. OBJETIVO: Determinar la presencia de patógenos entéricos en niños bajo los cinco años que se hospitalizaron por diarrea aguda en uno de los centros centinelas de la red de vigilancia de rotavirus en Chile. PACIENTES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio observacional en niños menores de cinco años que se internaron por cuadros de diarrea en el Hospital Dr. Luis Calvo Mackenna, durante diciembre del 2015 a diciembre del 2019, el que forma parte de la red de vigilancia de rotavirus del Ministerio de Salud de Chile. Las muestras fecales se analizaron mediante un test molecular, FilmArray GI® panel, que permite la detección de 22 patógenos entéricos virales, bacterianos y parasitarios. RESULTADOS: Se analizaron 493 muestras fecales de niños con episodios de diarrea infecciosa, detectando al menos un patógeno en 427 muestras (87%). De estas muestras positivas, se detectó solo un patógeno en 174 muestras (41%) y dos o más patógenos en 253 muestras (59%). En el grupo de niños bajo un año y el grupo entre uno y cuatro años hubo un predominio de infecciones causadas por virus gastroentéricos, siendo rotavirus y norovirus los virus más detectados en ambos grupos de edad. Las bacterias más frecuentes fueron EPEC (27%), C. difficile (17%), EAEC (14%) y Campylobacter (9%). Respecto a los parásitos, se identificó Giardia lamblia y Cryptosporidium, en el 3 y 1% del total de las muestras, respectivamente. CONCLUSIÓN: La detección molecular utilizada permitió detectar un alto número de enteropatógenos en niños bajo los cinco años. La información generada por este tipo de vigilancia, podría ayudar a caracterizar en la población los episodios de diarrea causados por los principales patógenos entéricos y podría ser una herramienta para asesorar técnicamente a las autoridades en la toma de decisión para la implementación de medidas de control contra estos patógenos.


BACKGROUND: Infectious diarrhea is still a major problem in public health, especially in children under 5 years of age. The identification of the etiologic agent is important for the clinical management of the diarrhea episode and, from the epidemiological point of view, to implement control measures. AIM: To determine the presence of gastrointestinal pathogens in children under five years of age with diarrhea in a Chilean rotavirus surveillance center. METHODS: Observational study in children under five years of age who were hospitalized for diarrhea at the Dr. Luis Calvo Mackenna Hospital from December 2015 to December 2019. Molecular detection was performed using the FilmArray gastrointestinal (FilmArray GI®) panel. RESULTS: We analyzed 493 diarrheal stool samples of children, 427 samples (87%) were positive and 66 samples (13%) were negative. Of positive samples, 174 samples (41%) and 253 samples (59%) were positive for one or more pathogen, respectively. In children under one year and the group between one and four years there was a predominance of infections caused by enteric virus. Rotavirus and norovirus were the most common virus in both age groups. The most frequent bacteria were EPEC (27%), C. difficile (17%), EAEC (14%) and Campylobacter (9%). In parasites, Giardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium were identified, in 3% and 1% of the total samples, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The molecular detection system used allowed an increase in the detection of enteropathogens in children under five years of age. The information generated by this type of surveillance could help to characterize the episodes of diarrhea in the population and might be a tool to technically advise the authorities in the decision-making process for the implementation of control measures.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Rotavirus Infections , Clostridioides difficile , Rotavirus , Cryptosporidiosis , Cryptosporidium , Rotavirus Infections/epidemiology , Chile/epidemiology , Rotavirus/genetics , Sentinel Surveillance , Diarrhea/epidemiology , Feces , Hospitals
7.
Chinese Journal of Epidemiology ; (12): 44-57, 2021.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-877519

ABSTRACT

Group A rotavirus (RV) is one of the major pathogens that cause severe acute gastroenteritis and death in children under 5 years old in China. RV vaccination is the most effective measure for prevention and control of rotavirus gastroenteritis (RVGE). This consensus is developed by reviewing RV related literatures, RV disease data in China, World Health Organization(WHO) position paper on RV vaccines and expert discussion. This consensus aims to provide professional staff with scientific information on rotavirus vaccine use, and evidence for developing the immunization strategy of childhood RVGE in China.


Subject(s)
Child , Child, Preschool , Humans , Infant , China , Consensus , Gastroenteritis/prevention & control , Hospitalization , Rotavirus , Rotavirus Infections/prevention & control , Rotavirus Vaccines , Vaccination
8.
Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine ; (12): 4-17, 2021.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-877510

ABSTRACT

Group A rotavirus (RV) is one of the major pathogens that cause severe acute gastroenteritis and death in children under 5 years old in China. RV vaccination is the most effective measure for prevention and control of rotavirus gastroenteritis (RVGE). This consensus is developed by reviewing RV related literatures, RV disease data in China, World Health Organization(WHO) position paper on RV vaccines and expert discussion. This consensus aims to provide professional staff with scientific information on rotavirus vaccine use, and evidences for developing the immunization strategy of childhood RVGE in China.


Subject(s)
Child , Child, Preschool , Humans , Infant , China , Consensus , Gastroenteritis/prevention & control , Hospitalization , Rotavirus , Rotavirus Infections/prevention & control , Vaccination
9.
Texto & contexto enferm ; 30: e20200354, 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | BDENF, LILACS | ID: biblio-1280697

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objectives: to describe and analyze the influence of human rotavirus vaccine on hospitalizations for gastroenteritis in children under 5 years of age, in Brazil, 2001 to 2018 (pre- and post-vaccination period). Method: this is a retrospective, descriptive ecological study, combining the description of a time series from 2001 to 2018 and collected in the months August 2019 to Janaury 2020. The data were obtained from a secondary source. To analyze the effect of different variables, multiple models of mathematical evaluations were used (accumulated growth rate, geometric growth rate; standard deviation, mean, variance and simple linear regression). The level of significance was set at 5% (p <0.05). Results: there was a reduction in hospitalizations related to gastroenteritis in children under 5 years old, when comparing the pre- and post-vaccination periods. This reduction occurred in all Brazilian regions. Conclusion: after the implementation of human rotavirus vaccine, there was a significant reduction in hospitalizations of children under 5 years.


RESUMEN Objetivos: describir y analizar la influencia de la vacuna contra el rotavirus humano en las hospitalizaciones por gastroenteritis en niños menores de 5 años, en Brasil, 2001 a 2018 (período pre y posvacunación). Método: se trata de un estudio ecológico descriptivo, retrospectivo, que combina la descripción de la serie temporal de 2001 a 2018 y recogidos en los meses de 2019 a enero de 2020. Los datos se obtuvieron de una fuente secundaria. Para analizar el efecto de diferentes variables se utilizaron múltiples modelos de evaluaciones matemáticas (tasa de crecimiento acumulada, tasa de crecimiento geométrico; desviación estándar, media, varianza y regresión lineal simple). Se consideró el nivel de significancia del 5% (p<0,05). Resultados: hubo una reducción de las hospitalizaciones por gastroenteritis en menores de 5 años, al comparar los periodos pre y posvacunación. Esta reducción ocurrió en todas las regiones brasileñas. Conclusión: luego de la implementación de la vacuna contra el rotavirus humano, hubo una reducción significativa en las hospitalizaciones de niños menores de 5 años.


RESUMO Objetivos: descrever e analisar a influência da vacina contra o rotavírus humano nas hospitalizações por gastroenterite em crianças menores de 5 anos, no Brasil, 2001 a 2018 (período pré e pós-vacinal). Método: trata-se de um estudo ecológico retrospectivo, descritivo, combinando a descrição das séries temporais do período de 2001 a 2018. Os dados foram obtidos de fonte secundária e coletados nos meses de agosto de 2019 a janeiro de 2020. Para análise do efeito de diferentes variáveis, utilizaram-se múltiplos modelos de avaliações matemáticas (taxa de crescimento acumulado, taxa de crescimento geométrico; desvio padrão, média, variância e regressão linear simples). Considerou-se o nível de significância de 5% (p<0,05). Resultados: houve redução das hospitalizações relacionadas à gastroenterites em crianças menores de 5 anos, quando comparados os períodos pré e pós-vacinal. Essa redução ocorreu em todas as regiões brasileiras. Conclusão: após a implementação da vacina contra o rotavírus humano, houve expressiva redução das hospitalizações de crianças menores de 5 anos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Rotavirus Infections , Vaccines , Child , Gastroenteritis , Hospitalization
10.
Biomédica (Bogotá) ; 40(2): 362-381, abr.-jun. 2020. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1124231

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States, surpassed only by cardiovascular disease. However, cancer has now overtaken cardiovascular disease as the main cause of death in 12 countries in Western Europe. The burden of cancer is posing a major challenge to health care systems worldwide and demanding improvements in methods for cancer prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Alternative and complementary strategies for orthodox surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy need to be developed. Objective: To determine the oncolytic potential of tumor cell-adapted rotavirus in terms of their ability to infect and lysate murine myeloma Sp2/0-Ag14 cells. Materials and methods: We inoculated rotaviruses Wt1-5, WWM, TRUYO, ECwt-O, and WTEW in Sp2/0-Ag14 cells and we examined their infectious effects by immunocytochemistry, immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, and DNA fragmentation assays. Results: Rotavirus infection involved the participation of some heat shock proteins, of protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), and integrin ß3. We detected the accumulation of viral antigens within the virus-inoculated cells and in the culture medium in all the rotavirus isolates examined. The rotavirus-induced cell death mechanism in Sp2/0-Ag14 cells involved changes in cell membrane permeability, chromatin condensation, and DNA fragmentation, which were compatible with cytotoxicity and apoptosis. Conclusions: The ability of the rotavirus isolates Wt1-5, WWM, TRUYO, ECwt-O, and WTEW to infect and cause cell death of Sp2/0-Ag14 cells through mechanisms that are compatible with virus-induced apoptosis makes them potential candidates as oncolytic agents.


Introducción. El cáncer es la segunda causa de muerte en los Estados Unidos, solamente superado por la enfermedad cardiovascular. Sin embargo, el cáncer aventaja a la enfermedad cardiovascular como primera causa de muerte en doce países de Europa occidental. Se requieren mejores métodos de prevención, diagnóstico y tratamiento para afrontar el gran desafío que el cáncer representa mundialmente para los sistemas de salud, y se necesita desarrollar estrategias alternativas y complementarias a la cirugía, la radioterapia y la quimioterapia convencionales. Objetivo. Evaluar el potencial oncolítico de rotavirus adaptados a células tumorales por su capacidad para infectar y lisar células Sp2/0-Ag14 de mieloma de ratón. Materiales y métodos. Los aislamientos de rotavirus Wt1-5, WWM, TRUYO, ECwt-O y WTEW se inocularon en células Sp2/0-Ag14 y se examinaron sus efectos infecciosos mediante inmunocitoquímica, inmunofluorescencia, citometría de flujo y ensayos de fragmentación del ADN. Resultados. La infección con los rotavirus Wt1-5, WWM, TRUYO, ECwt-O y WTEW implicó la participación de algunas proteínas de choque térmico, la proteína disulfuro isomerasa y la integrina ß3. La acumulación de antígenos virales intracelulares y extracelulares se detectó en todos los virus utilizados. Los mecanismos de muerte inducidos por los rotavirus en células Sp2/0-Ag14 indujeron cambios en la permeabilidad de la membrana celular, la condensación de cromatina y la fragmentación de ADN, los cuales fueron compatibles con citotoxicidad y apoptosis. Conclusiones. La capacidad de los rotavirus estudiados para infectar y causar la muerte de células Sp2/0-Ag14 mediante mecanismos compatibles con la apoptosis inducida viralmente los convierte en candidatos potenciales para ser utilizados como agentes oncolíticos.


Subject(s)
Oncolytic Viruses , Neoplasms/therapy , Rotavirus Infections
11.
Salud pública Méx ; 62(1): 25-35, ene.-feb. 2020. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1365993

ABSTRACT

Resumen: Objetivo: Revisar los aspectos epidemiológicos de la enfermedad diarreica aguda (EDA) a través de la historia de México y analizar las estrategias que potencialmente podrán prevenir su aparición en la población mexicana. Material y métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda sistematizada utilizando los siguientes descriptores de las ciencias de la salud: diarrea, morbilidad, mortalidad, México y promoción de la salud de los últimos 20 años (1878-2018). Resultados: Se obtuvieron más de 8 600 artículos que fueron evaluados en función de los objetivos de la presente publicación. Conclusión: Como resultado de una revisión sistemática se observó que, gracias a las estrategias implementadas a lo largo del tiempo, se ha logrado graduar los matices de riesgo de la EDA; ello permite ahora plantear estrategias que guiarán a la prevención de ese padecimiento, de la mano de políticas que incluyan aspectos higiénico-dietéticos, innovaciones farmacéuticas y aplicaciones tecnológicas en medidas sanitarias.


Abstract: Objective: To analyze the epidemiological aspects of AID through Mexican history and the potential strategies to prevent AID in Mexican population. Materials and methods: A systematic review was performed exploring the key words, diarrhea, morbidity, mortality, Mexico, health promotion for the last 20 years (1978-2018). Results: Over 8 600 articles were obtained; all of them were evaluated to consider those follow the aim of the present work. Conclusion: The result of the performed systematic review denoted the influence of AID in Mexican public health policy the adopted actions diminished the AID's associated risks and allowed future strategies to prevent it; those actions must include hygienic and dietetic measures, pharmaceutical innovations and technological tools applied to health policies.


Subject(s)
Child, Preschool , History, 16th Century , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , History, 21st Century , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Diarrhea/epidemiology , Primary Health Care , Rotavirus Infections/complications , Rotavirus Infections/prevention & control , Rotavirus Infections/epidemiology , Hygiene , Acute Disease , Risk Factors , Morbidity , Rotavirus Vaccines/adverse effects , Diarrhea/etiology , Diarrhea/history , Diarrhea/prevention & control , Gastroenteritis/virology , Health Policy , Health Promotion , Mexico/epidemiology
13.
Salud pública Méx ; 62(1): 6-13, ene.-feb. 2020. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1365999

ABSTRACT

Resumen: Objetivo: Evaluar el impacto de la vacunación contra rotavirus (RV) a 10 años de su universalización sobre la morbimortalidad por enfermedad diarreica aguda (EDA) en niños mexicanos menores de cinco años. Material y métodos: Se compararon las medianas anuales de casos nuevos, defunciones y hospitalizaciones por EDA del periodo pre y posuniversalización; se calcularon reducciones absolutas y relativas, considerando significativos valores de p<0.05. Resultados: La mortalidad, hospitalizaciones y casos nuevos por EDA en menores de cinco años disminuyeron 52.6, 46 y 15.5% respectivamente, en el periodo posuniversalización. Durante la temporada de RV las reducciones en la mortalidad, hospitalizaciones y casos nuevos fueron de 66.9, 64.7 y 28.7%, respectivamente. Conclusiones: A partir de la universalización de la vacuna de RV en México, se aprecian reducciones importantes y sostenidas en la mortalidad, hospitalizaciones e incidencia por EDA, con menor impacto en esta última. El mayor impacto se observa durante la temporada de RV.


Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the impact of rotavirus (RV) vaccination after 10 years of it´s universalization on morbidity and mortality from Acute Diarrheal Disease (ADD) in mexican children under five years of age. Materials and methods: Annual median numbers for ADD new cases, hospitalizations and deaths were compared between pre and post universalization periods; absolute and relative reductions were calculated, considering p<0.05 values as significant. Results: Mortality, hospitalizations and new cases from ADD in children under five decreased 52.6, 46, and 15.5% respectively, in the posuniversalization period. During rotavirus seasons, reduction in mortality, hospitalizations and new cases was 66.9, 64.7, and 28.7% respectively. Conclusions: As of the universal introduction of RV vaccination in Mexico, significant and sustained reductions are appreciated for mortality and hospitalizations from ADD, less so for incidence. A most prominent effect is observed during the winter season.


Subject(s)
Child, Preschool , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Rotavirus Infections/epidemiology , Rotavirus Vaccines/administration & dosage , Diarrhea/epidemiology , Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data , Rotavirus Infections/mortality , Rotavirus Infections/prevention & control , Time Factors , Acute Disease , Incidence , Diarrhea/mortality , Diarrhea/prevention & control , Diarrhea/virology , Hospitalization/trends , Mexico/epidemiology
14.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 40(1): 17-28, Jan. 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1091657

ABSTRACT

The early use of antimicrobial therapy has been introduced in many farms to prevent diarrhea and respiratory disease in young calves; however, there is controversy about whether this practice has a beneficial effect on the health of these animals. This study evaluated the influence of the early use of antimicrobials on the health and performance of neonatal Holstein calves. Twenty-six Holstein calves were screened and divided into two groups, according to the administration (ATB+), or not (ATB-) of tulathromycin (2.5mg/kg, subcutaneously) within the first 12 hours of life. Calves were evaluated by general clinical examination, fecal score, respiratory score, and external palpation of the umbilical region, besides fecal output of dry matter. Anemia was determined by using an automatic system and, also, using a commercial kit for iron dosage. Diarrhea was diagnosed by a centrifuge-flotation technique using a sugar solution (Cryptosporidium) and multiplex semi-nested RT-PCR (rotavirus/coronavirus). The performance of the calves was estimated by Daily Weight Gain (DWG). The young dairy calves were evaluated within 12 hours of birth (≤12h) and at 3-5th (D3-5), 7-9th (D7-9), 13-15th (D13-15), 20-23rd (D20-23), and 27-30th (D27-30) days of life. No difference was noted between the ATB+ and ATB- groups concerning heart rate, respiratory frequency, and rectal temperature. Erythrogram showed a higher frequency of anemia in ATB- group (P=0.016) at the D3-5 check-up; lower values of serum iron were also observed simultaneously (P=0.051). Thirteen cases of respiratory disease were detected during this study; however, no significant difference was observed between the groups in this regard. The frequency of diarrhea (fecal score 2-3) was high in both groups, peaking at D13-D15. No differences were noted between the groups regarding the frequency of diarrhea when considering the dry fecal matter. The predominant etiological agent for diarrhea was Cryptosporidium spp.. The DWG was similar between groups, with maximum weight reduction on D13-15. The administration of tulathromycin in prophylactic dose (2.5mg/kg) at birth decreased the frequency of anemia but did not influence weight gain or the prevalence of diarrhea.(AU)


O uso precoce de antimicrobianos tem sido adotado em muitas fazendas para profilaxia das diarreias e doença respiratória em bezerras, no entanto existem controvérsias sobre os beneficios desta prática na saúde desses animais. Esta pesquisa avaliou a influência do uso precoce de antimicrobiano na sanidade e desempenho de bezerras holandesas recém-nascidas. Para tanto foram selecionadas 26 bezerras Holandesas distribuídas de acordo com a aplicação (ATB+) ou não (ATB-) de tulatromicina (2,5mg/Kg) por via subcutânea até 12h de vida. As bezerras foram examinadas por meio de exame clínico geral, escore fecal, escore respiratório e palpação externa da região umbilical, além da matéria seca fecal. A presença de anemias foi determinada pelo eritrograma utilizando sistema automático e além da dosagem de ferro utilizando kit comercial. O diagnóstico etiológico das diarreias foi investigado por meio da técnica de flutuação em solução saturada de sacarose (Cryptosporidium) e multiplex semi-nested RT-PCR (rotavírus/coronavírus). O desempenho das bezerras foi estimado pelo ganho de peso. As bezerras foram avaliadas até doze horas após o nascimento (≤12h); 3-5º (D3-5); 7-9º (D7-9); 13-15º (D13-15); 20-23º (D20-23); e 27-30º dias de vida (D27-30). Não foram encontradas diferenças entre os grupos ATB+ e ATB- em relação à frequência cardíaca, frequência respiratória e temperatura retal. O eritrograma revelou maior frequência de anemias no grupo ATB- (P=0,016) no D3-5. Neste momento também foram observados menores valores de ferro sérico (P=0,051). Foram detectados treze casos de doença respiratória durante o estudo, no entanto não foi possível detectar diferença entre os grupos. A frequência de diarreias (escore fecal 2 e 3) foi alta em ambos os grupos, observando-se pico no D13-15 (ATB+=92,3%; ATB-=92,3%). Não observamos diferenças entre os grupos em relação a frequência de diarreia considerando-se a matéria seca fecal. O agente etiológico predominante nas diarreias foi o Cryptosporidium. O ganho de peso diário foi igual entre grupos, com intensa redução no GPD no D13-15. A administração de tulatromicina na dose profilática (2,5mg/Kg) ao nascimento diminuiu a frequência de anemias e não influenciou no ganho de peso e prevalência de diarreias.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Cattle , Rotavirus Infections/veterinary , Macrolides/therapeutic use , Dysentery/etiology , Gastrointestinal Diseases/etiology , Anemia/prevention & control , Anti-Infective Agents/therapeutic use , Coronavirus, Bovine , Coronavirus Infections/veterinary , Cryptosporidiosis
15.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 40(1): 7-11, Jan. 2020. tab
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1091651

ABSTRACT

Calf diarrhea causes substantial economic losses in the cattle industry worldwide. Bovine rotavirus A (RVA) is the main viral agent that leads to enteric infection and diarrhea outbreaks in calves throughout the world. The aim of this retrospective (2006-2015) study was to determine the frequency of RVA detection in diarrheic fecal samples from beef and dairy calves from the three main cattle-producing regions of Brazil. Diarrheic fecal samples (n=1,498) of 124 beef and 56 dairy cattle herds from the Midwest, South, and Southeast geographical regions of Brazil were evaluated using the silver-stained polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (ss-PAGE) technique. RVA double stranded-RNA was identified by the ss-PAGE technique in 410 (27.4%) fecal samples. The frequency of positive samples found in beef calves (31.9%; 328/1,027) was higher than the frequency found in diarrheic fecal samples from dairy calves (17.4%; 82/471). RVA infection was identified in calves from the three Brazilian geographical regions analyzed. However, the frequency of positive diarrheic calves in the Midwest region (39.4%), predominantly beef calves, was higher than in the South (19.4%) and Southeast (17.6%) regions. The temporal distribution of RVA-infected calves evaluated by two five-year periods (2006-2010, 24.5%; 2011-2015, 28.8%) demonstrated a very similar frequency of RVA in both periods. Considering the wide regional and temporal scope of this study, it can be concluded that RVA remains an important etiology of neonatal diarrhea in calves of Brazilian cattle herds.(AU)


A diarreia neonatal ocasiona perdas econômicas importantes na pecuária bovina em todo o mundo. Rotavírus A (RVA) é o principal agente etiológico viral de infecções entéricas e surtos de diarreia em bezerros de rebanhos de corte e leite. O objetivo deste estudo retrospectivo (2006-2015) foi determinar a frequência de detecção de RVA em amostras de fezes diarreicas de bezerros de corte e leite das três principais regiões produtoras de bovinos do Brasil. Amostras de fezes diarreicas (n=1.498) de 124 rebanhos bovinos de corte e 56 rebanhos bovinos de leite das regiões Centro-Oeste, Sul e Sudeste do Brasil foram avaliadas utilizando a técnica de eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida (EGPA). O genoma segmentado de RVA foi identificado pela técnica de EGPA em 410 (27,4%) amostras de fezes. A frequência de amostras positivas encontrada em bezerros de rebanhos de corte (31,9%; 328/1.027) foi maior que a frequência identificada em amostras de fezes diarreicas de bezerros de rebanhos leiteiros (17,4%; 82/471). A infecção por RVA foi identificada em bezerros das três regiões geográficas brasileiras analisadas. No entanto, a frequência de bezerros com diarreia positivos para RVA na região Centro-Oeste (39,4%), predominantemente de bezerros de rebanhos de corte, foi maior que nas regiões Sul (19,4%) e Sudeste (17,6%). A distribuição temporal dos bezerros infectados com RVA avaliados por dois períodos de cinco anos (2006-2010, 24,5%; 2011-2015, 28,8%) demonstrou uma frequência muito semelhante em ambos os períodos. Considerando a amplitude regional e temporal deste estudo, pode-se concluir que RVA continua sendo uma importante etiologia de diarreia neonatal em bezerros de rebanhos bovinos brasileiros.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Rotavirus Infections/veterinary , Rotavirus Infections/epidemiology , Rotavirus/pathogenicity , Gastrointestinal Diseases/etiology , Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional/veterinary
16.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 53: e20190486, 2020.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1057302

ABSTRACT

Abstract This review focuses on reports of hepatitis E virus, hantavirus, rotavirus, coronavirus, and arenavirus in synanthropic rodents (Rattus rattus, Rattus norvegicus, and Mus musculus) within urban environments. Despite their potential impact on human health, relatively few studies have addressed the monitoring of these viruses in rodents. Comprehensive control and preventive activities should include actions such as the elimination or reduction of rat and mouse populations, sanitary education, reduction of shelters for the animals, and restriction of the access of rodents to residences, water, and food supplies.


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats/virology , Rotavirus Infections/transmission , Disease Reservoirs/virology , Hepatitis E/transmission , Coronavirus Infections/transmission , Arenaviridae Infections/transmission , Hantavirus Infections/transmission , Mice/virology , Urban Population
17.
Rio de Janeiro; s.n; 2020. 157 p. ilus.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1177895

ABSTRACT

Neste estudo avaliamos o impacto das doenças diarreicas agudas (DDA) associadas aos rotavírus A (RVA), norovírus, adenovírus (HAdV), sapovírus (SaV), bocavírus (HBoV) e astrovírus (HAstV) em crianças ≤ 5 anos atendidas na emergência do Hospital da Criança de Santo Antônio (HCSA), Boa Vista, Roraima (RR), no período de outubro de 2016 a outubro de 2017. Foram coletadas, paralelamente, amostras de fezes e de saliva de 734 crianças sendo 485 com DDA e 249 com infecção respiratória aguda (IRA, grupo controle). O estudo teve a aprovação do CEP:1.333.480, 23/11/2015, UFRR. Os RVA, norovírus, HAdV, SaV e HBoV foram pesquisados nas 734 amostras de fezes e HAstV em 170 amostras de crianças com DDA. Adicionalmente, a presença dos HBoV foi também investigada em 38 amostras de saliva sendo 25 de crianças com DDA e 13 IRA. O perfil de susceptibilidade AB0, Lewis e secretor dos antígenos do grupo histosanguíneo (HBGA) foi determinado para todas as 734 crianças em salivas pela fenotipagem e em amostras de salivas pela genotipagem, sendo para o gene FUT2 em 166 amostras e para FUT3 em 42 amostras. Os aspectos clínicos, epidemiológicos e a cobertura da vacina Rotarix® (RV1) foram também avaliados. Os RVA, norovírus e SaV foram investigados pela metodologia de transcrição reversa seguida de amplificação genômica quantitativa (RT-qPCR); os HBoV e HAdV pela amplificação genômica quantitativa (qPCR) e os HAstV por amplificação genômica qualitativa (RT-PCR). A genotipagem dos HBoV e a detecção/genotipagem dos HAstV foi realizada pela PCR seguida de sequenciamento nucleotídico (método Sanger). O Ensaio imunoenzimático (EIA) e a amplificação genômica específica (PCR-touchdown), seguida de sequenciamento nucleotídico (Sanger) foram utilizadas respectivamente para a fenotipagem e genotipagem dos HBGA.


Nas crianças com DDA (n=485), observou-se as seguintes frequências virais: RVA (22,7%), norovírus (38%), HAdV (33,6%), SaV (7,3%) e HBoV (14,2%). Nas crianças com IRA (n=249), observou as seguintes frequências: RVA (19,3%), norovírus (21,3%), HAdV (39,5%), SaV (5,6%) e HBoV (14,1%). O perfil de detecção do HBoV nas 76 amostras de saliva e fezes pareadas foi diferente e correlacionado com os genótipos 1 a 3 detectados. Quanto aos HAstV, nas 170 amostras investigadas, observou-se as seguintes frequências e genótipos: HAstV clássicos: HAstV3 (0,60%) e HAsV5 (1,8%); HAstV não clássicos: HAstVMLB1-2 (3,5%), sendo esta a primeira descrição do HAstVMLB2 no Brasil. A cobertura vacinal para RV1 calculada foi de 61% e crianças vacinadas na faixa etária entre 6 e 24 meses apresentaram frequências mais elevadas de infecção pelo RVA. As 734 crianças apresentaram majoritariamente (54.5%) o perfil Lea+b+ (fraco secretor) e polimorfirmos de nucleotídico único (SNPs) foram detectados nos genes FUT2 e FUT3. Foi detectada susceptibilidade (HBGA) para a infecção pelos HAdV em crianças com IRA, perfil fraco secretor e grupo sanguíneo A ou O, de acordo com valores de Odds Ratio (OR) calculado. As frequência dos vírus detectados principalmente para os norovírus e HAdV em crianças com DDA, demostram a importância da etiologia viral nas DDA em crianças ≤ 5 anos de idade no período do estudo e podem estar relacionadas ao fator de susceptibilidade ao HBGA (incluindo heterogeneidade genética) e a baixa cobertura de RV1. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Child, Preschool , Rotavirus Infections , Adenoviruses, Human , Child, Preschool , Caliciviridae Infections , Sapovirus , Dysentery , Avastrovirus
18.
Revista Digital de Postgrado ; 9(1): e197, 2020. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, LIVECS | ID: biblio-1094982

ABSTRACT

La inmunización, es un mecanismo de defensa que asegura la inmunidad humoral para prevenir enfermedades infantiles graves, y es responsabilidad de los padres. Objetivo: Se plantea indagar el conocimiento vaccinal, en madres con hijos menores de 5 años. Métodos: el estudio se orienta bajo el paradigma cualitativo, enfoque fenomenológico; Los participantes del estudio fueron madres que vacunaron a sus hijos en el centro de salud 20 de febrero, distrito 12D03 Quevedo-Mocache, Ecuador. Para el análisis de los datos se utilizó el soware Atlas ti, vinculando 18 preguntas de reflexión. Resultados: Las categorías emergentes fueron: 1) Las vacunas son muy importantes y necesarias. 2. Vacunaron porque sus hijos crecen sanos y fuertes. 3. para algunas el vacunatorio es agradable y para otras no. 4. Algunas reciben buen trato y atención, otras no. 5. Es insuficiente la información sobre las vacunas. 6. Piden cambios de enfermeras y horarios. Conclusión: el conocimiento vaccinal de las madres, esdeterminante para la protección y la no propagación de enfermedades en sus hijos(AU)


Immunization is a defense mechanism that ensures humoral immunity to prevent serious childhood diseases, and is the responsibility of the parents. Objective: to investigate the vaccine knowledge in mothers with children under 5 years. Methods: the study is oriented under the qualitative paradigm, hermeneutic approach; e study participants were mothers who vaccinated their children in the health center February 20, district 12D03 Quevedo-Mocache, Ecuador. The Atlas ti soware was used to analyze the data, linking 18 reflection questions. Results: The emerging categories were: 1) Vaccines are very important and necessary. 2. They vaccinated because their children grow up healthy and strong. 3. For some the vaccine is nice and for others it is not. 4. Some receive good treatment and attention, others do not. 5. Insufficient information about vaccines. 6. Ask for changes of nurses and schedules. Conclusion: the vaccinal knowledge of the mothers, is decisive for the protection and non-propagation of diseases in their children(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Rotavirus Infections/classification , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Vaccination/classification , Vaccination/methods , Immunization Programs , Rotavirus/classification , Social Welfare , Socioeconomic Factors , Child, Preschool , Sociological Factors
19.
Rev. cuba. salud pública ; 45(3)jul.-sep. 2019.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1508503

ABSTRACT

En la actualidad, existe la certeza de que las vacunas comerciales disponibles contra rotavirus producen un impacto en la reducción de las hospitalizaciones y consultas médicas asociadas a la enfermedad diarreica que causa este virus. Se conoce que, en los países pobres, e incluso en los en vía de desarrollo, los costos para sostener un programa de inmunización que incluya vacunas contra rotavirus son relativamente elevados. En el presente trabajo se realiza la revisión de algunos estudios de costo-efectividad relacionados con la introducción de estas vacunas en contextos diversos, a partir de que se reconoce su efectividad e impacto en la población infantil vacunada. El objetivo es contribuir al conocimiento de investigadores, médicos, profesionales de la salud, directivos y autoridades encargados de la toma de decisiones para la introducción de una vacuna contra rotavirus en Cuba(AU)


The available evidence for commercial rotavirus vaccines supports an impact on the reduction in hospitalizations and medical consultations associated with rotavirus diarrheal disease. However, it is also known that for poor and even developing countries, the costs of sustaining an immunization program that includes rotavirus vaccines are relatively high. This paper presents a synthesis of cost-effectiveness studies related to the introduction of rotavirus vaccination in diverse contexts, based on the recognition of existing evidence on the effectiveness and impact of the vaccinated child population. In this way, it seeks to contribute to the body of knowledge and information among researchers, physicians, and health professionals, but also directors and authorities in charge of making decisions for the introduction of a rotavirus vaccine in Cuba(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Rotavirus Infections/epidemiology , Rotavirus Vaccines , Cost-Effectiveness Analysis/methods , Vaccines , Cuba
20.
Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; : 157-161, 2019.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-764167

ABSTRACT

In this study, we report arterial spin labelling perfusion, proton MR spectroscopy and susceptibility-weighted MR findings of acute necrotizing encephalopathy in a child with rotavirus infection.


Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Brain Diseases , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Perfusion , Protons , Rotavirus Infections
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